Masiku ano osamala zachilengedwe komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera, pampu yotentha ya R290 ndi pampu ya R32 ndi mitu yotentha kwambiri. Onsewo ndi njira zolimbikitsira zotenthetsera, koma ndi njira iti yomwe ili yabwinoko pamapampu awiriwa? Nkhaniyi ikufufuza funsoli ndikufufuza mbali zisanu zofunika kwambiri: kusiyana kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, kutentha kwa kutentha, ntchito ya chilengedwe, kuyika ndi kukonza zofunikira, komanso kusiyana kwa mtengo, kupezeka ndi kukonza mtsogolo.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakati pa pampu yotentha ya R290 ndi pampu yotentha ya R32? Ndi chiyani chomwe chili chopatsa mphamvu komanso chogwira mtima?
1. Mphamvu ya greenhouse effect:
Refrigerant yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapampu otentha a R290 ndi propane, firiji yachilengedwe. Lili ndi mphamvu yowononga ozoni ya zero komanso kutsika kwambiri kwa wowonjezera kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.Refrigerant yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapampu otentha a R32 ndi difluoromethane, yomwe imawonedwanso ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yosamalira zachilengedwe, koma ili ndi GWP yokwera pang'ono kuposa R290.
2. Kutentha kwachangu:
Pampu yotentha ya R290 imakhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri ndipo imatha kutenthetsa kapena kuziziritsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatha kutembenuza mphamvu moyenera komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu zowonongeka.Mapampu otentha a R32 amakhalanso ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri, koma amatha kutsika pang'ono kuposa mapampu otentha a R290.
3. Kutentha kosiyanasiyana:
Mapampu otentha a R290 ndi oyenera kutentha kosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ntchito zotsika komanso zotentha kwambiri.
Pampu zotentha za R32 zimagwira ntchito bwino pakati pa kutentha kwakukulu, koma zimatha kukhala zochepa pakuchita kwawo m'malo otsika kwambiri kapena otentha kwambiri.
Ponseponse, pampu yotentha ya R290 imapereka zabwino zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe. Sikuti ali ndi wowonjezera wowonjezera kutentha kwenikweni, angaperekenso apamwamba matenthedwe dzuwa ndi ambiri osiyanasiyana ntchito. Komabe, zinthu monga zofunikira zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito, zochitika zachilengedwe ndi zotheka ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa posankha pampu yoyenera kutentha. Choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mtundu woyenera kwambiri wa mpope wotentha umasankhidwa ndi chitsogozo cha katswiri wothandizira.
Zomwe zimapereka kutentha kwabwinoko nyengo zosiyanasiyana, pampu yotentha ya R290 kapena pampu yotentha ya R32?
Mapampu otentha a R290 ndi mapampu otentha a R32 ali ndi kusiyana kwina pakutentha, kutengera nyengo.
1. Kuzizira:
M'madera ozizira kwambiri, mapampu otentha a R290 nthawi zambiri amachita bwino. Propane (R290) imakhala ndi ntchito yotumiza kutentha kwambiri, yomwe imalola kuti ipereke kutentha koyenera ngakhale kutentha kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa mapampu otentha a R290 kupezeka kwambiri m'malo ozizira monga Northern Europe kapena malo okwera.
2. Kutentha ndi chinyezi:
M'madera otentha ndi amvula, mapampu otentha a R32 angakhale abwino kwambiri.R32 ili ndi GWP yochepa ndipo imasinthidwa kumadera omwe kuziziritsa ndi kuzizira kumafunika kwa nthawi yaitali. Izi zimapangitsa mapampu otentha a R32 kukhala ofala kwambiri kumadera akumwera kwa Europe kapena m'malo otentha ndi anyontho.
3. Nyengo yofatsa:
M'madera otentha, mapampu onse otentha amatha kupereka ntchito yabwino yotentha. Komabe, R290 ikhoza kukhala yothandiza pang'ono m'malo oterowo chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kwapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, m'madera ozizira a Central Europe kapena dera la Mediterranean, mapampu otentha a R290 akhoza kulandiridwa kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuwonjezera pa nyengo, zinthu monga kutsekemera kwa nyumbayo ndi mapangidwe ndi mphamvu ya makina opopera kutentha zingakhudzenso ntchito yotentha. Choncho ndi bwino kukaonana ndi katswiri wa injiniya wa HVAC kapena mlangizi wa mphamvu posankha pampu yoyenera kutentha kuti awone ndikusankha imodzi malinga ndi nyengo ndi chilengedwe.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakugwira ntchito kwachilengedwe pakati pa pampu yotentha ya R290 ndi pampu yotentha ya R32? Ndi iti yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi miyezo yaku Europe ya chilengedwe?
Pali kusiyana pakati pa R290 ndi R32 mapampu otentha potengera chilengedwe. Kufananiza pakati pawo ndi motere:
1. Kutha kwa ozoni layer: R290 (propane) ili ndi mphamvu zochepa zowononga ozoni wosanjikiza ndipo ndi wokonda zachilengedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali kuwonongeka kochepa kwa ozoni pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito R290 mu dongosolo la kupopera kutentha.
2. Kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha: R32 (difluoromethane) ndi R290 (propane) onse ndi mafiriji omwe amakhala ndi mpweya wocheperako. Ali ndi nthawi yochepa yokhala mumlengalenga ndipo amathandizira kuti pakhale kutentha kwa dziko. Komabe, R32 ndi yokwera pang'ono kuposa R290 malinga ndi GWP (Global Warming Potential) ya mpweya wotenthetsa dziko.
3. Kutentha: R290 ndi gasi woyaka, pomwe R32 ndi yosapsa. Chifukwa cha kuyaka kwa R290, chisamaliro chowonjezera chiyenera kuchitidwa pachitetezo ndi ntchito, monga mpweya wabwino ndi kuyika bwino.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zonse za R290 ndi R32 ndizosankha zokonda zachilengedwe poyerekeza ndi mafiriji achikhalidwe monga R22 ndi R410A. Komabe, musanagwiritse ntchito furiji iliyonse, ndi bwino kuti malamulo oyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino azitsatiridwa komanso kuti malangizo a wopanga ndi am'deralo azitsatiridwa.
Ku Ulaya, malamulo okhudza firiji ndi makina opopera kutentha amachokera ku malamulo a EU a F-gesi. Malinga ndi lamuloli, R32 imatengedwa kuti ndi chisankho chokonda zachilengedwe chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zochepa zotulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha (mtengo wa GWP).
Mwachindunji, R32 ili ndi mtengo wa GWP wa 675 poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa GWP wa R290 wa 3. Ngakhale R290 ili ndi mtengo wotsika wa GWP, pali zoletsa zokhudzana ndi chitetezo ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake chifukwa cha kuyaka kwake kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, R32 ndiye chisankho chodziwika bwino komanso chovomerezeka kwambiri pazachilengedwe ku Europe.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti miyezo ndi malamulo a chilengedwe amatha kusintha pakapita nthawi kuti agwirizane ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kuzindikira zachilengedwe. Choncho ndi bwino kuti nthawi zonse muzitsatira malamulo a m'deralo komanso dziko lonse posankha makina opopera kutentha komanso kukaonana ndi injiniya wa HVAC kapena mlangizi wamagetsi kuti mudziwe zaposachedwapa za chilengedwe ndi malangizo.
Poyerekeza mapampu otentha a R290 ndi mapampu otentha a R32, kodi kuyika kwawo ndikukonza zofunikira ndizofanana? Ndi iti yomwe ili yosavuta kuisamalira?
1. Zofunikira pakuyika: Pankhani yoyika, mapampu otentha a R290 ndi R32 nthawi zambiri amafuna zida zofananira ndi zida zamakina. Izi zikuphatikiza ma compressor, osinthanitsa kutentha, ma valve okulitsa, etc. Pakuyika, mapaipi oyenera, kulumikizana kwamagetsi ndi kutumizidwa kwa dongosololi kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa.
2. Malingaliro achitetezo: Ndi mapampu otentha a R290, chitetezo ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa chakuyaka kwa propane. Okhazikitsa ndi ogwira ntchito yokonza ayenera kutsatira njira zoyenera zotetezera, kuphatikizapo mpweya wabwino ndi chitetezo chamoto. Mosiyana ndi izi, mapampu otentha a R32 ali ndi njira zochepa zodzitetezera mderali.
3. Zofunikira pakusamalira: Mapampu otentha a R290 ndi R32 nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana pokonza nthawi zonse. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ndikusintha zosefera, kuyang'ana ndi kuyeretsa kutentha kwa kutentha, kuyang'ana kugwirizana kwa magetsi ndi machitidwe olamulira, etc. Komabe, zofunikira zenizeni zosamalira zimadaliranso ndondomeko yapampu ya kutentha ndi malingaliro a wopanga.
Pakukonza, mapampu otentha a R32 nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati osavuta kuwasamalira. Izi ndichifukwa choti mapampu otentha a R32 sangawotchere kwambiri ngati R290 ndipo chifukwa chake njira zina zachitetezo pakukonza sizichitika kawirikawiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mapampu otentha a R32 ali ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika ndipo chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi ntchito zosamalira zimapezeka mosavuta.
Pampu iliyonse yotentha yomwe mungasankhe, kukonza ndi kutumizira nthawi zonse kumalimbikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa dongosolo lanu. Tsatirani malangizo ndi malingaliro a wopanga ndikutsata malamulo am'deralo pakuyika ndi kukonza. Ngati pangafunike, kufunsana ndi katswiri waukadaulo wa HVAC kapena othandizira pampu yotentha kungapereke chitsogozo chatsatanetsatane.
Kodi pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mapampu otentha a R290 ndi R32 poganizira mtengo, kupezeka ndi kukonza mtsogolo?
1. Mtengo: Nthawi zambiri, mapampu otentha a R290 amatha kukhala okwera mtengo pang'ono kuposa mapampu otentha a R32. Izi zili choncho chifukwa makina opopera otentha a R290 amafunikira njira zambiri zotetezera kuti apirire kuyaka kwa propane, zomwe zingapangitse ndalama zopangira ndi kukhazikitsa.
2. Kupezeka: M'madera ena kupezeka kwa mapampu otentha a R32 kungakhale kofala kwambiri. Chifukwa cha msika waukulu wa mapampu otentha a R32 m'mayiko ambiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuti ogulitsa ndi oyikapo apeze katundu ndi chithandizo cha mapampu otentha a R32.
3. Kukonza ndi kukonza: Pankhani yokonza, mapampu otentha a R32 akhoza kukhala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa cha gawo lalikulu la msika la mapampu otentha a R32, chithandizo chaukadaulo ndi ntchito zokonzanso zimapezeka kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi izi, mapampu otentha a R290 angafunike kupeza katswiri wothandizira, popeza chisamaliro chowonjezera chimafunikira pakuyaka kwa propane.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kusiyana kwa mtengo, kupezeka ndi kusamalira kungasiyane ndi dera ndi dera. Posankha makina opopera kutentha, ndi bwino kufananiza ndi ogulitsa ambiri ndi oyikapo ndikufunsana ndi katswiri kuti mudziwe zambiri za mtengo, kupezeka ndi chithandizo chokonzekera.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo, kupezeka ndi kukonza ndi zina mwazofunikira pakusankha pampu yotentha. Mfundo zina zofunika ndizofunika kuti ntchitoyo ichitike, mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso kusintha kwa ntchito zinazake. Ganizirani zinthu zonse pamodzi kuti mupange chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha pampu yotentha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-16-2023