Bungwe la International Energy Agency (IEA) linanena mu lipoti lomwe linatulutsidwa Lachitatu kuti vuto la mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa mphamvu, ndipo mapampu ogwira ntchito, opulumutsa mphamvu komanso otsika kwambiri a carbon nawonso akhala kusankha kwatsopano. Zikuyembekezeka kuti kugulitsa kwapadziko lonse kwa mapampu otentha kudzakwera kwambiri m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.
Mu lipoti lapadera "The Future of Heat Pumps", IEA inapanga malingaliro adziko lonse pa mapampu otentha. Ukadaulo wopopera kutentha ndiukadaulo watsopano wamagetsi womwe wakopa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mwachindunji, pampu ya kutentha ndi chipangizo chomwe chingathe kupeza mphamvu zotentha zotsika kuchokera ku mpweya wachilengedwe, madzi kapena nthaka, ndikupereka mphamvu zowonjezera kutentha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
IEA inanena kuti pampu yotentha ndiyothandiza komanso yothandiza nyengo. Nyumba zambiri padziko lapansi zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yotenthetsera kutentha, zomwe zingathandize ogula kusunga ndalama ndikuchepetsa kudalira maiko pamafuta oyaka.
Msika wopopera kutentha wakula kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso zolimbikitsa zamphamvu. Mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa malonda a pampu padziko lonse lapansi kudakwera pafupifupi 15% pachaka, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa malonda a EU kudakwera pafupifupi 35%.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, kugulitsa mapampu otentha mu 2022 akuyembekezeka kufika pamlingo wapamwamba, makamaka ku Europe. Mu theka loyamba la 2022, malonda a mayiko ena awonjezeka kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.
IEA imakhulupirira kuti ngati maboma amalimbikitsa bwino kuchepetsa umuna wawo komanso zolinga zachitetezo champhamvu, pofika chaka cha 2030, kugulitsa kwapachaka kwa mapampu otentha a EU kumatha kukwera kuchokera ku mayunitsi 2 miliyoni mu 2021 mpaka mayunitsi 7 miliyoni, ofanana ndi kuwonjezereka kwa 2.5.
Mtsogoleri wa IEA Birol adati mpope wa kutentha ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuchepetsa umuna ndi chitukuko, komanso njira yothetsera vuto la EU kuti lithe kuthana ndi vuto lamagetsi.
Birol adawonjezeranso kuti ukadaulo wopopera kutentha wayesedwa ndikuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza, ndipo ukhoza kugwira ntchito ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Opanga ndondomeko ayenera kuthandizira lusoli mokwanira. Mapampu otentha adzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakuwonetsetsa kutentha kwa nyumba, kuteteza mabanja omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi mabizinesi kumitengo yokwera, komanso kukwaniritsa zolinga zanyengo.
Malinga ndi deta ya IEA, malinga ndi mtengo wamagetsi wamakono, mtengo wamagetsi wopulumutsidwa ndi mabanja a ku Ulaya ndi ku America omwe akusintha ku mapampu otentha chaka chilichonse amachokera ku $ 300 mpaka $ 900.
Komabe, mtengo wogula ndi kukhazikitsa mapampu otentha ukhoza kuwirikiza kawiri kapena kanayi kuposa ma boilers opangira mpweya, zomwe zimafuna kuti boma lipereke chithandizo chofunikira. Pakali pano, mayiko oposa 30 akhazikitsa ndalama zolimbikitsira pampu za kutentha.
IEA ikuyerekeza kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, mapampu otentha amatha kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide padziko lonse ndi matani osachepera 500 miliyoni, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi mpweya woipa umene umatulutsa pachaka wa magalimoto onse a ku Ulaya. Kuonjezera apo, mapampu otentha amathanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina zamagulu a mafakitale, makamaka m'mafakitale a mapepala, chakudya ndi mankhwala.
Birol adayamika kuti zinthu zonse zoyendetsera msika wapampu ya kutentha zakonzeka, zomwe zimatikumbutsa za chitukuko cha matekinoloje a photovoltaic ndi magetsi a galimoto. Mapampu otenthetsera athetsa nkhawa zomwe zimawavuta kwambiri opanga mfundo zambiri pokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwamphamvu, chitetezo chamagetsi ndi zovuta zanyengo, ndipo mtsogolomu adzasewera kwambiri zachuma komanso zachilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-06-2023