Kutenthetsa ndi Kuziziritsa Ndi Pampu Yotentha-Gawo 2

Panthawi yotentha, kutentha kumatengedwa kuchokera kunja ndi "kupopera" m'nyumba.

• Choyamba, refrigerant yamadzimadzi imadutsa mu chipangizo chokulitsa, kusintha kukhala osakaniza amadzimadzi / nthunzi. Kenako imapita ku koyilo yakunja, yomwe imakhala ngati koyilo ya evaporator. Refrigerant yamadzimadzi imatenga kutentha kwa mpweya wakunja ndi zithupsa, kukhala nthunzi wochepa kutentha.
• Mpweya umenewu umadutsa mu valavu yobwerera ku accumulator, yomwe imasonkhanitsa madzi aliwonse otsala mpweya usanalowe mu kompresa. Kenako nthunziyo imapanikizidwa, kuchepetsa mphamvu yake ndikupangitsa kuti itenthe.
• Pomaliza, valavu yobwerera imatumiza mpweya, womwe tsopano ukutentha, ku coil yamkati, yomwe ndi condenser. Kutentha kwa gasi wotentha kumasamutsidwa kupita ku mpweya wamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti firiji ikhale yamadzimadzi. Madziwa amabwerera ku chipangizo chokulitsa ndipo kuzungulira kumabwerezedwa. Koyilo yamkati ili mu ductwork, pafupi ndi ng'anjo.

Kuthekera kwa mpope kutentha kusamutsa kutentha kuchokera kunja kwa mpweya kupita kunyumba kumadalira kutentha kwakunja. Kutentha uku kumatsika, mphamvu ya pampu yotentha yotengera kutentha imatsikanso. Kwa makhazikitsidwe ambiri a pampu yotenthetsera mpweya, izi zikutanthauza kuti pali kutentha (kutchedwa thermal balance point) pamene kutentha kwa pampu yotentha kumakhala kofanana ndi kutaya kwa kutentha kwa nyumba. Pansi pa kutentha kwakunja kumeneku, pampu yotentha imatha kupereka gawo limodzi la kutentha komwe kumafunikira kuti malo okhalamo azikhala bwino, komanso kutentha kowonjezera kumafunika.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mapampu ambiri otentha a mpweya amakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri, pansi pake sangathe kugwira ntchito. Kwa mitundu yatsopano, izi zimatha kuyambira -15 ° C mpaka -25 ° C. Pansi pa kutentha kumeneku, njira yowonjezera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka kutentha kwa nyumbayo.

Kuzizira Kozizira

Njira yomwe tafotokozayi imasinthidwa kuti iziziziritsa m'nyumba nthawi yachilimwe. Chipangizocho chimatulutsa kutentha kwa mpweya wamkati ndikuchikana kunja.

• Monga momwe zimatenthetsera, refrigerant yamadzimadzi imadutsa mu chipangizo chokulitsa, kusintha kukhala osakaniza amadzimadzi / nthunzi. Kenako imapita ku koyilo yamkati, yomwe imakhala ngati evaporator. Refrigerant yamadzimadzi imatenga kutentha kwa mpweya wamkati ndi zithupsa, kukhala nthunzi wochepa kutentha.
• Mpweya uwu umadutsa mu valve yobwerera ku accumulator, yomwe imasonkhanitsa madzi aliwonse otsala, kenako kupita ku compressor. Kenako nthunziyo imapanikizidwa, kuchepetsa mphamvu yake ndikupangitsa kuti itenthe.
• Potsirizira pake, mpweya, womwe tsopano ukutentha, umadutsa mu valve yobwerera ku koyilo yakunja, yomwe imakhala ngati condenser. Kutentha kwa gasi wotentha kumasamutsidwa kupita ku mpweya wakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti firiji ikhale yamadzimadzi. Madziwa amabwerera ku chipangizo chokulitsa, ndipo kuzungulira kumabwerezedwa.

Panthawi yozizira, pampu yotentha imachepetsanso mpweya wamkati. Chinyezi mumlengalenga kudutsa pa koyilo m'nyumba condens pa koyilo pamwamba ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa poto pansi pa koyilo. Kukhetsa kwa condensate kumalumikiza poto iyi ndi ngalande yanyumba.

The Defrost Cycle

Ngati kutentha kwakunja kugwera pafupi kapena kutsika kuzizira pamene pampu ya kutentha ikugwira ntchito muzotenthetsera, chinyontho mumpweya wodutsa pa koyilo yakunja chimaundana ndikuundana pamenepo. Kuchuluka kwa chisanu kumadalira kutentha kwa kunja ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mumlengalenga.

Kuchuluka kwa chisanu kumeneku kumachepetsa mphamvu ya koyiloyo pochepetsa mphamvu yake yotumizira kutentha mufiriji. Panthawi ina, chisanu chiyenera kuchotsedwa. Kuti muchite izi, pampu yotentha imasintha kukhala defrost mode. Njira yodziwika kwambiri ndi:

• Choyamba, valavu yobwerera imasintha chipangizocho kuti chikhale chozizira. Izi zimatumiza mpweya wotentha ku koyilo yakunja kuti isungunuke chisanu. Nthawi yomweyo fani yakunja, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawuzira mpweya wozizira pa koyiloyo, imatsekedwa kuti ichepetse kutentha komwe kumafunikira kusungunula chisanu.
• Pamene izi zikuchitika, pampu yotentha imaziziritsa mpweya mu ductwork. Makina otenthetsera amatha kutenthetsa mpweya uwu pamene umagawidwa m'nyumba yonse.

Imodzi mwa njira ziwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa nthawi yomwe chipangizocho chimalowa mu defrost mode:

• Kuwongolera kwa chisanu kumayang'anira kayendedwe ka mpweya, kuthamanga kwa furiji, kutentha kwa mpweya kapena koyilo komanso kusiyanasiyana kwamphamvu pa koyilo yakunja kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa chisanu.
• Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nthawi kumayambika ndikutha ndi chowerengera chanthawi yokhazikitsidwa kale kapena sensor ya kutentha yomwe ili pakoyilo yakunja. Kuzungulirako kumatha kuyambika mphindi 30, 60 kapena 90 zilizonse, kutengera nyengo komanso kapangidwe kake.

Kuzungulira kosafunikira kumachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a pampu ya kutentha kwanyengo. Zotsatira zake, njira ya chisanu-yozizira nthawi zambiri imakhala yogwira mtima kwambiri chifukwa imayamba kuzizira pokhapokha pakufunika.

Zowonjezera Kutentha Kowonjezera

Popeza mapampu a kutentha kwa mpweya amakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa kunja (pakati pa -15 ° C mpaka -25 ° C) ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha pa kutentha kozizira kwambiri, ndikofunika kulingalira za gwero lowonjezera la kutentha kwa ntchito zopopera kutentha kwa mpweya. Kutentha kowonjezera kungafunikenso pamene pampu yotentha ikuwotcha. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana zilipo:

• Zamagetsi Zonse: Pakukonza uku, ntchito za mpope wa kutentha zimaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi magetsi zomwe zili mu ductwork kapena ndi mabasiketi amagetsi. Zinthu zotsutsazi sizigwira ntchito bwino kuposa pampu ya kutentha, koma mphamvu zawo zoperekera kutentha ndizosiyana ndi kutentha kwakunja.
• Hybrid System: Mu dongosolo la haibridi, pampu yotenthetsera mpweya imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera monga ng'anjo kapena boiler. Njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito muzoyika zatsopano, komanso ndi njira yabwino pomwe pampu yotentha imawonjezeredwa ku dongosolo lomwe liripo, mwachitsanzo, pamene pampu yotentha imayikidwa ngati m'malo mwa air-conditioner yapakati.

Onani gawo lomaliza la kabukuka, Zida Zogwirizana, kuti mudziwe zambiri zamakina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zowonjezera zotenthetsera. Kumeneko, mukhoza kupeza zokambirana za momwe mungapangire makina anu kuti asinthe pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya kutentha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera kutentha.

Malingaliro Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu

Kuti muthandizire kumvetsetsa gawoli, onani gawo loyambirira lotchedwa An introduction to Heat Pump Efficiency kuti mufotokoze zomwe HSPFs ndi SEERs zikuyimira.

Ku Canada, malamulo oyendetsera mphamvu zamagetsi amapereka mphamvu zochepetsera kutentha ndi kuziziritsa kwa nyengo zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa kuti malonda agulitsidwe pamsika waku Canada. Kuphatikiza pa malamulowa, chigawo chanu kapena gawo lanu litha kukhala ndi zofunika kwambiri.

Kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito aku Canada yonse, komanso mitundu yofananira yazogulitsa zomwe zimapezeka pamsika, ndizofupikitsidwa pansipa kuti ziwotche ndi kuziziziritsa. Ndikofunikanso kuyang'ana kuti muwone ngati pali malamulo ena owonjezera omwe ali m'dera lanu musanasankhe dongosolo lanu.

Kuzizira kwa Nyengo, SEER:

• Ochepera Owona (Canada): 14
• Range, SEER mu Zogulitsa Zomwe Zilipo Msika: 14 mpaka 42

Kutentha kwa Nyengo Magwiridwe, HSPF

• HSPF yochepa (Canada): 7.1 (ya Chigawo V)
• Range, HSPF mu Zogulitsa Zomwe Zilipo Msika: 7.1 mpaka 13.2 (ya Chigawo V)

Chidziwitso: Zinthu za HSPF zaperekedwa ku AHRI Climate Zone V, yomwe ili ndi nyengo yofanana ndi ya Ottawa. Kuchita bwino kwa nyengo kungasiyane kutengera dera lanu. Mulingo watsopano wamachitidwe womwe umafuna kuyimira bwino magwiridwe antchito a machitidwewa m'magawo aku Canada ukukonzedwa.

Zowona zenizeni za SEER kapena HSPF zimadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana makamaka zokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka pampu ya kutentha. Zomwe zikuchitika pano zasintha kwambiri pazaka 15 zapitazi, motsogozedwa ndi chitukuko chatsopano chaukadaulo wa kompresa, kapangidwe ka makina otenthetsera kutentha, komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwa firiji ndikuwongolera.

Liwiro Limodzi ndi Mapampu Othamanga Osiyanasiyana

Chofunikira kwambiri poganizira kuchita bwino ndi gawo la mapangidwe atsopano a kompresa pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a nyengo. Nthawi zambiri, mayunitsi omwe amagwira ntchito pa SEER ndi HSPF amawonetsedwa ndi mapampu amodzi othamanga. Mapampu otenthetsera othamanga otengera mpweya akupezeka tsopano omwe amapangidwa kuti azisinthasintha mphamvu ya makinawo kuti agwirizane kwambiri ndi kutenthetsa / kuziziritsa kwanyumba panthawi inayake. Izi zimathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo pamene zinthu sizili bwino pamene dongosolo likusowa kwambiri.

Posachedwapa, mapampu otentha a mpweya omwe amasinthidwa bwino kuti azigwira ntchito m'nyengo yozizira ya ku Canada adayambitsidwa pamsika. Makinawa, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mapampu a kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira, amaphatikiza ma compressor osinthika okhala ndi mapangidwe osinthika osinthira kutentha ndikuwongolera kuti awonjezere kutentha kwa mpweya wozizira kwambiri, ndikusunga mphamvu kwambiri pakazizira kwambiri. Machitidwe amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mayendedwe apamwamba a SEER ndi HSPF, makina ena amafikira ma SEER mpaka 42, ndipo ma HSPF akuyandikira 13.

Chitsimikizo, Miyezo, ndi Masikelo Owerengera

Canadian Standards Association (CSA) pano imatsimikizira mapampu onse otentha kuti ateteze magetsi. Muyezo wa magwiridwe antchito umanena za mayeso ndi zoyeserera pomwe kutentha kwa pampu yotentha ndi kuziziritsa komanso kuchita bwino kumatsimikiziridwa. Miyezo yoyezera magwiridwe antchito a mapampu otentha a mpweya ndi CSA C656, yomwe (kuyambira 2014) idagwirizana ndi ANSI/AHRI 210/240-2008, Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning & Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment. Imalowetsanso CAN/CSA-C273.3-M91, Performance Standard ya Split-System Central Air-conditioners ndi Mapampu Kutentha.

Kuganizira za Sizing

Kuti mukulitse moyenerera makina anu opopera kutentha, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zofunikira zotenthetsera ndi kuziziziritsa kwa nyumba yanu. Ndikoyenera kuti katswiri wotenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa asungidwe kuti awerenge zomwe zikufunika. Kutentha ndi kuziziritsa katundu kuyenera kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino monga CSA F280-12, "Kudziwa Kufunika Kofunika Kwa Malo Okhalamo Kutentha ndi Zida Zoziziritsira."

Kukula kwa makina anu opopera kutentha kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi nyengo yanu, kutentha ndi kuziziritsa katundu wa nyumba, ndi zolinga za kukhazikitsa kwanu (mwachitsanzo, kukulitsa kupulumutsa mphamvu zowotcha poyerekeza ndi kuchotsa makina omwe alipo nthawi zina za chaka). Pofuna kuthandizira izi, NRCan yapanga Chiwongolero cha Kutentha kwa Pump ndi Kusankha kwa Air-Source. Bukuli, limodzi ndi chida chothandizira mapulogalamu, limapangidwira alangizi amagetsi ndi opanga makina, ndipo limapezeka kwaulere kuti lipereke chitsogozo pakukula koyenera.

Ngati pampu yotentha imakhala yochepa, mudzawona kuti zowonjezera zowonjezera zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Ngakhale dongosolo locheperako lidzagwirabe ntchito bwino, simungapeze ndalama zomwe mukuyembekezeredwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri makina otentha owonjezera.

Momwemonso, ngati pampu yotenthetsera ndiyochulukirachulukira, mphamvu zomwe mukufuna kupulumutsa sizingachitike chifukwa chosagwira ntchito moyenera munthawi yofatsa. Ngakhale kuti zowonjezera zowonjezera zimagwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza, pansi pa nyengo yotentha, pampu yotentha imatulutsa kutentha kwambiri ndipo chipangizochi chimayenda mozungulira ndikuchoka kumabweretsa kusapeza bwino, kuvala pampopi ya kutentha, ndi kujambula mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino kutentha kwanu komanso momwe pampu yotenthetsera imagwirira ntchito kuti mukwaniritse kupulumutsa mphamvu moyenera.

Zosankha Zina

Kuwonjezera pa kukula, zinthu zina zowonjezera ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

• HSPF: Sankhani unit yokhala ndi HSPF yapamwamba ngati yothandiza. Pamayunitsi omwe ali ndi mavoti ofanana a HSPF, yang'anani kukhazikika kwawo pa -8.3°C, kutsika kwa kutentha. Chigawo chokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba chidzakhala chogwira ntchito kwambiri m'madera ambiri a Canada.
• Defrost: Sankhani gawo lomwe lili ndi control-defrost control. Izi zimachepetsa kuzungulira kwa defrost, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera komanso kutentha kwa pampu.
• Mamvekedwe a Phokoso: Phokoso limayesedwa m'mayunitsi otchedwa decibels (dB). Kutsika mtengo, kutsika kwa mphamvu ya mawu yotulutsidwa ndi unit yakunja. Pamene mulingo wa decibel umakwera, m’pamenenso phokoso limakulirakulira. Mapampu ambiri otentha amakhala ndi phokoso la 76 dB kapena kutsika.

Malingaliro oyika

Mapampu otentha otengera mpweya ayenera kuyikidwa ndi kontrakitala wodziwa ntchito. Funsani katswiri wozimitsa ndi kuziziritsa wapafupi kukula, kukhazikitsa, ndi kukonza zida zanu kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito moyenera komanso modalirika. Ngati mukuyang'ana kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yotentha kuti musinthe kapena kuwonjezera ng'anjo yanu yapakati, muyenera kudziwa kuti mapampu otentha nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pama airflow apamwamba kuposa machitidwe a ng'anjo. Kutengera ndi kukula kwa pampu yanu yatsopano yotenthetsera, zosintha zina zitha kufunikira pamayendedwe anu kuti mupewe phokoso lowonjezera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za fan. Wothandizira wanu akhoza kukupatsani chitsogozo pazochitika zanu zenizeni.

Mtengo woyika pampu yotenthetsera mpweya umatengera mtundu wa makina, zolinga zamapangidwe anu, ndi zida zilizonse zotenthetsera zomwe zilipo komanso ma ductwork m'nyumba mwanu. Nthawi zina, zosintha zina panjira kapena ntchito zamagetsi zitha kufunikira kuti muthandizire kukhazikitsa pampu yanu yatsopano.

Malingaliro a Opaleshoni

Muyenera kuzindikira zinthu zingapo zofunika mukamagwiritsa ntchito pampu yanu yotentha:

• Konzani Pampu ya Kutentha ndi Ma Set-points System Supplemental. Ngati muli ndi magetsi owonjezera (monga ma boardboards kapena zinthu zokakamira mu duct), onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito malo ocheperako otentha panjira yanu yowonjezera. Izi zikuthandizani kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa pampu yotentha kumapereka kunyumba kwanu, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zanu komanso ndalama zothandizira. Kuyika kwa 2°C mpaka 3°C pansi pa mpope wotenthetsera kutentha kumalimbikitsidwa. Funsani kontrakitala wanu woyika pa malo abwino kwambiri a dongosolo lanu.
• Konzani Kuchepetsa Mwachangu. Mutha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pokhazikitsa makina anu kuti azimitse chowotcha chamkati panthawi ya defrost. Izi zitha kuchitidwa ndi okhazikitsa anu. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kusungunuka kumatha kutenga nthawi yayitali ndikukhazikitsa uku.
• Chepetsani Kuchepetsa Kutentha. Mapampu otentha amayankha pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi machitidwe a ng'anjo, kotero amakhala ovuta kwambiri kuyankha kutentha kwakuya. Zolepheretsa pang'onopang'ono zosapitirira 2 ° C ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena chotenthetsera "chanzeru" chomwe chimayatsa makinawo mofulumira, poyembekezera kuchira ku kubwereranso, chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Apanso, funsani kontrakitala wanu woyika pa kutentha koyenera kwa dongosolo lanu.
• Konzani mayendedwe anu a Airflow. Ngati muli ndi khoma lokhala ndi chipinda chamkati, lingalirani zosintha momwe mpweya umayendera kuti mutonthozedwe kwambiri. Opanga ambiri amalimbikitsa kulondolera kutsika kwa mpweya pamene akuwotha, komanso kwa omwe ali mkati pamene mukuzizira.
• Konzani zokonda za fan. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mwasintha zokonda za fan kuti mutonthozedwe kwambiri. Kuti muwonjezere kutentha kwa pampu yotentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyike liwiro la fan kuti lifike pamwamba kapena 'Auto'. Pozizira, kuti muchepetse chinyezi, kuthamanga kwa fan "otsika" kumalimbikitsidwa.

Zolinga Zosamalira

Kusamalira moyenera ndikofunikira kuti pampu yanu yotenthetsera igwire ntchito bwino, modalirika, komanso imakhala ndi moyo wautali. Muyenera kukhala ndi makontrakitala oyenerera kuti azikonza chaka chilichonse pagawo lanu kuti atsimikizire kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino.

Kupatula pakukonza pachaka, pali zinthu zingapo zosavuta zomwe mungachite kuti muwonetsetse kuti ntchito zodalirika komanso zogwira mtima. Onetsetsani kuti mukusintha kapena kuyeretsa zosefera zanu pakatha miyezi itatu iliyonse, chifukwa zosefera zotsekeka zimachepetsa kuyenda kwa mpweya ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya makina anu. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti polowera mpweya ndi zolembera za mpweya m'nyumba mwanu sizinatsekedwe ndi mipando kapena makapeti, chifukwa mpweya wosakwanira wopita kapena kuchokera ku unit yanu ukhoza kufupikitsa nthawi ya moyo wa zipangizo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya makina.

Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito

Kupulumutsa mphamvu pakuyika pampu yotenthetsera kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe mumalipira pamwezi. Kupeza kuchepetsa ndalama zanu zamagetsi kumadalira kwambiri mtengo wamagetsi poyerekezera ndi mafuta ena monga gasi wachilengedwe kapena mafuta otenthetsera, ndipo, pogwiritsira ntchito retrofit, ndi mtundu wanji wa dongosolo lomwe likusinthidwa.

Mapampu otentha nthawi zambiri amabwera pamtengo wokwera poyerekeza ndi machitidwe ena monga ng'anjo kapena mabasiketi amagetsi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zigawo mu dongosolo. M'madera ndi zochitika zina, mtengo wowonjezedwawu ukhoza kubwezeredwanso pakanthawi kochepa chifukwa cha kusungitsa ndalama zothandizira. Komabe, m'madera ena, mitengo yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito imatha kuwonjezera nthawiyi. Ndikofunika kugwira ntchito ndi kontrakitala wanu kapena mlangizi wa mphamvu kuti mupeze chiwerengero cha zachuma cha mapampu otentha m'dera lanu, ndi ndalama zomwe mungathe kuzipeza.

Chiyembekezo cha Moyo ndi Zitsimikizo

Mapampu otenthetsera mpweya amakhala ndi moyo wantchito pakati pa zaka 15 ndi 20. Compressor ndiye chigawo chofunikira kwambiri cha dongosolo.

Mapampu ambiri otentha amaphimbidwa ndi chitsimikizo cha chaka chimodzi pazigawo ndi ntchito, komanso chitsimikizo chazaka zisanu mpaka khumi pa kompresa (kwa magawo okha). Komabe, zitsimikizo zimasiyana pakati pa opanga, choncho yang'anani kusindikiza bwino.

Ndemanga:

Zina mwazolemba zatengedwa pa intaneti. Ngati pali kuphwanya kulikonse, chonde titumizireni kuti tichotse. Ngati mumakonda zinthu zopopera kutentha, chonde omasuka kulumikizana ndi kampani yapompopi yotentha ya OSB, ndife chisankho chanu chabwino.