International Energy Agency: pampu yotentha imatha kukwaniritsa 90% ya kufunikira kwa kutentha kwapadziko lonse, ndipo mpweya wake umakhala wocheperako kuposa wa ng'anjo ya gasi (Gawo 2)

Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka pampu ya kutentha kwanyengo kwasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono

Pazinthu zambiri zotenthetsera m'malo, kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito am'nyengo yapampu (chiwerengero champhamvu chapachaka, COP) chakwera pang'onopang'ono mpaka pafupifupi 4 kuyambira 2010.

Ndizofala kuti wapolisi wa pampu yotentha afikire 4.5 kapena kupitilira apo, makamaka m'malo ocheperako monga chigawo cha Mediterranean ndi chapakati ndi kumwera kwa China. M'malo mwake, m'malo ozizira kwambiri monga kumpoto kwa Canada, kutentha kwapanja kumachepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zilipo pakalipano mpaka pafupifupi 3-3.5 m'nyengo yozizira.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kusintha kuchokera ku nonverter kupita kuukadaulo wa inverter kwathandiza kwambiri. Masiku ano, ukadaulo wosinthira pafupipafupi umapewa kutaya mphamvu zambiri chifukwa cha kuyimitsidwa ndikuyamba kwaukadaulo wosasintha pafupipafupi, ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa kompresa.

Malamulo, miyezo ndi zolembera, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, zathandizira kusintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, mulingo wocheperako wamagetsi utakwezedwa kawiri, avareji yapampu zotenthetsera zomwe zidagulitsidwa ku United States zidakwera ndi 13% ndi 8% motsatana mu 2006 ndi 2015.

Kuphatikiza pa kusintha kwina kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya wa nthunzi (mwachitsanzo kudzera m'mibadwo yotsatira), ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera mphamvu ya pampu yotentha mpaka 4.5-5.5 pofika 2030, mudzafunika njira zothetsera mphamvu (kuti muwonjezere mphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba yonse) komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafiriji omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kapena zero kutentha kwapadziko lonse.

Poyerekeza ndi ma boiler otenthetsera mpweya, mapampu otentha amatha kukwaniritsa 90% ya kufunikira kwa kutentha kwapadziko lonse ndikukhala ndi mpweya wocheperako.

Ngakhale mapampu otentha amagetsi akadali osapitirira 5% ya kutentha kwa nyumba zapadziko lonse lapansi, amatha kupereka zoposa 90% ya kutentha kwapadziko lonse lapansi pakapita nthawi ndipo amakhala ndi mpweya wochepa wa carbon dioxide. Ngakhale poganizira kumtunda kwa mpweya wamagetsi amagetsi, mapampu otentha amatulutsa mpweya wochepa wa carbon dioxide kuposa teknoloji yowotcha mpweya (nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito pa 92-95%).

Kuyambira 2010, kudalira kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa ntchito yamphamvu yapope ya kutentha ndi kutulutsa mphamvu kwamphamvu, kufalikira kwa mpope wa kutentha kwasinthidwa kwambiri ndi 50%!

Kuyambira 2015, ndondomekoyi yafulumizitsa kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yotentha

Ku China, zothandizira pansi pa dongosolo loletsa kuwononga mpweya zimathandizira kuchepetsa mtengo wa kukhazikitsa koyambirira ndi zida. Mu February 2017, Unduna wa chitetezo chilengedwe cha China anapezerapo thandizo kwa mpweya gwero mapampu kutentha m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana za China (mwachitsanzo, RMB 24000-29000 pa banja Beijing, Tianjin ndi Shanxi). Japan ili ndi dongosolo lofananalo kudzera mu dongosolo lake losunga mphamvu.

Mapulani ena ndi apadera a mapampu otentha apansi. Ku Beijing komanso ku United States konse, 30% ya ndalama zoyambilira zimatengedwa ndi boma. Pofuna kuthandizira kukwaniritsa cholinga chotumiza mamita 700 miliyoni a pampu yotentha yapansi panthaka, dziko la China linapereka ndalama zothandizira (35 yuan/m mpaka 70 yuan/M) kumadera ena, monga Jilin, Chongqing ndi Nanjing.

Dziko la United States likufuna kuti zinthu zizisonyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotenthetsera panyengo inayake komanso kuti pampu ya kutentha ikhale yochepa kwambiri. Dongosolo la Performance-Based Incentive Dongosololi litha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito amtsogolo mwa kulimbikitsa kuphatikiza kwa pampu ya kutentha ndi photovoltaic munjira yodzigwiritsira ntchito. Choncho, pampu yotentha idzawononga mwachindunji mphamvu zobiriwira zomwe zimapangidwira kumaloko ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi ya gridi ya anthu.

Kuphatikiza pa miyezo yovomerezeka, chizindikiro cha ku Europe chotenthetsera kutentha chimagwiritsa ntchito mulingo womwewo wa mpope wotentha (osachepera Giredi A +) ndi boiler yamafuta amafuta (mpaka giredi A), kuti magwiridwe awo athe kufananizidwa mwachindunji.

Kuonjezera apo, ku China ndi EU, mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapampu otentha zimatchedwa mphamvu zowonjezera zowonjezera, kuti apeze zolimbikitsa zina, monga kubwezeredwa kwa msonkho.

Canada ikuwona zomwe zimafunikira kuti pakhale chinthu chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuposa 1 (chofanana ndi 100% ya zida zogwiritsira ntchito bwino) pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamaukadaulo onse otenthetsera mu 2030, zomwe zidzaletsa bwino ma boiler onse azikhalidwe zamakala, zowotcha mafuta ndi gasi. .

Chepetsani zolepheretsa kutengedwa m'misika yayikulu, makamaka pamisika yokonzanso

Pofika 2030, gawo la kutentha kwa nyumba zoperekedwa ndi mapampu otentha padziko lonse lapansi liyenera kuwirikiza katatu. Choncho, ndondomeko ziyenera kuthana ndi zolepheretsa kusankha, kuphatikizapo kukwera mitengo yamtengo wapatali, ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso mavuto omwe amachokera kuzinthu zomanga zomwe zilipo kale.

M'misika yambiri, ndalama zomwe zingasungidwe pakuyika kwa mapampu otentha poyerekeza ndi ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, posintha ma boiler oyaka ndi mpweya kupita ku mapampu amagetsi) nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kuti mapampu otentha amatha kukhala otsika mtengo pang'ono m'zaka 10 mpaka 12. ngati ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu.

Kuyambira chaka cha 2015, zothandizira zakhala zogwira mtima pothetsa mtengo waposachedwa wa mapampu otentha, kuyambitsa chitukuko cha msika ndikufulumizitsa ntchito yawo m'nyumba zatsopano. Kuletsa thandizo lazachumali kungalepheretse kutchuka kwa mapampu otentha, makamaka mapampu otentha apansi.

Kukonzanso ndikusintha zida zotenthetsera kuthanso kukhala gawo la ndondomeko ya ndondomeko, monga kufulumira kutumizidwa m'nyumba zatsopano zokha sikungakhale kokwanira kugulitsa nyumba zogona katatu pofika 2030. mtengo wa unsembe wa mpope kutentha, amene akhoza kuwerengera pafupifupi 30% ya okwana ndalama ndalama pa mpweya gwero kutentha mpope ndi kutenga 65-85% ya okwana ndalama mtengo wa gwero mpope.

Kutumiza kwa pampu yotentha kuyeneranso kulosera zakusintha kwamagetsi komwe kumafunikira kuti akwaniritse SDS. Mwachitsanzo, mwayi wolumikizana ndi ma solar solar photovoltaic panels komanso kutenga nawo gawo pamisika yoyankhira misika imapangitsa kuti mapampu otentha azikhala okongola.